The Bagmati: Nepal's Holiest, and Dirtiest, River
2022-08-27
LRC
TXT
大字
小字
滚动
全页
1Nepal's holiest river, the Bagmati, begins high in the Himalaya Mountains.
2It has been honored religiously since ancient times.
3Tradition says its waters have the power to purify souls.
4But the Bagmati itself is polluted.
5Along its almost 600-kilometer path through forests, farmland, and towns, the Bagmati starts to darken with pollution.
6It is black and full of trash by the time it reaches Kathmandu, the capital.
7The water is undrinkable.
8It is not useful for cleaning.
9During the dry season, a bad smell rises from the riverbed.
10Today, the Bagmati is Nepal's most polluted river.
11The worsening conditions have sharply changed the way Kathmandu's three million people interact with the river.
12In the capital, the Bagmati's waters travel slowly past several holy places, including the Pashupatinath Temple.
13It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979.
14The huge complex honors the Hindu god Shiva, and other, lesser gods.
15Hindus gather on the riverside in Kathmandu to worship at shrines and celebrate holidays, or festivals.
16Women enter the river to wash away sins during the Rishipanchami holiday.
17Visitors also get in the water during the festival of Chhath.
18Families have long carried the bodies of loved ones who have died to the river to wash their feet and shake drops of water on their faces.
19Beliefs hold that the river washes away a person's wrongs and sends their soul to heaven.
20Later, the body is burned along the banks of the river and the ashes are thrown into the water.
21People still bring the dead to the Bagmati, but few make contact with the water.
22"That is no more now. The water is so dirty and stinks.
23People are forced to bring bottled water and do the rituals," said 59-year-old Mithu Lama.
24She has worked with her husband at the Teku ghat cremation grounds since she was 15.
25People have also traditionally collected river water to use on their homes to purify them.
26The river is meaningful to Buddhists, as well.
27Many cremate bodies besides the Bagmati.
28Born and raised next to the the river, Lama recalled using its waters for cooking, bathing, washing and even drinking.
29Today that feels like a long-ago dream ended by the dumping of human waste and trash.
30"I now have serious doubt that it will be cleaned in my lifetime," Lama said.
31"Not that there has not been any efforts, there have been several cleaning campaigns, but there are more people dirtying it. People are the problem."
32There have been efforts by both private volunteers and the government to clean up the river.
33For example, for the last seven years hundreds of volunteers have gathered in Kathmandu every Saturday to remove trash from the Bagmati.
34Mala Kharel is among that crowd most Saturdays.
35She is an executive member of the governmental High Powered Committee for Integrated Development of the Bagmati Civilization.
36It was set up to help clean up the river.
37She volunteers her time to raise awareness among the population about avoiding pollution.
38Kharel said the campaign has succeeded in collecting about 80 percent of the trash along the side of the river.
39The volunteers say they find trash, dead animals and even the bodies of babies.
40The cleanup effort is difficult and more needs to be done.
41In addition, many thousands of people have built homes and shelters illegally along the river and refuse to leave.
42As for the human waste, the committee is working on several projects including new canals and pipes alongside the river.
43Those are to connect to sewer lines to prevent waste from reaching the Bagmati.
44The group also is considering a waste treatment plant.
45And it has started building new dams where rainwater can be captured during the monsoon season and released into the river during the dry months.
46This could help move waste downstream from Kathmandu.
47Work on the pipe and canal system began around 2013, but no completion date has been announced.
48Building on two dams is continuing and reportedly close to completion.
49Another dam is getting started. But campaigners have high hopes.
50"In the next 10 years, I am hoping the river will be flowing clear and the banks will be clean and lined with trees," Kharel said.
51"We are working hard with this target."
52The hopefulness is not shared by everyone.
53Some environmentalists do not know if the dams will be of much help.
54"There is too much expectations from these dams.
55Bagmati is a natural river and not a canal that can be cleaned so easily," said Madhukar Upadhya, a scientist who studies the river closely.
56He said no sand is left. Today it is lined with clay and mixed with chemicals from industrial activity.
57"So much damage has already been done to it," Upadhya said, "that it can perhaps be cleaned to some degree but not restored to its past glory."
58I'm Caty Weaver. And I'm Dan Friedell.
1Nepal's holiest river, the Bagmati, begins high in the Himalaya Mountains. It has been honored religiously since ancient times. Tradition says its waters have the power to purify souls. 2But the Bagmati itself is polluted. Along its almost 600-kilometer path through forests, farmland, and towns, the Bagmati starts to darken with pollution. It is black and full of trash by the time it reaches Kathmandu, the capital. 3The water is undrinkable. It is not useful for cleaning. During the dry season, a bad smell rises from the riverbed. 4Today, the Bagmati is Nepal's most polluted river. The worsening conditions have sharply changed the way Kathmandu's three million people interact with the river. 5In the capital, the Bagmati's waters travel slowly past several holy places, including the Pashupatinath Temple. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The huge complex honors the Hindu god Shiva, and other, lesser gods. 6Hindus gather on the riverside in Kathmandu to worship at shrines and celebrate holidays, or festivals. Women enter the river to wash away sins during the Rishipanchami holiday. Visitors also get in the water during the festival of Chhath. 7Families have long carried the bodies of loved ones who have died to the river to wash their feet and shake drops of water on their faces. Beliefs hold that the river washes away a person's wrongs and sends their soul to heaven. Later, the body is burned along the banks of the river and the ashes are thrown into the water. 8People still bring the dead to the Bagmati, but few make contact with the water. 9"That is no more now. The water is so dirty and stinks. People are forced to bring bottled water and do the rituals," said 59-year-old Mithu Lama. She has worked with her husband at the Teku ghat cremation grounds since she was 15. 10People have also traditionally collected river water to use on their homes to purify them. The river is meaningful to Buddhists, as well. Many cremate bodies besides the Bagmati. 11Born and raised next to the the river, Lama recalled using its waters for cooking, bathing, washing and even drinking. Today that feels like a long-ago dream ended by the dumping of human waste and trash. 12"I now have serious doubt that it will be cleaned in my lifetime," Lama said. "Not that there has not been any efforts, there have been several cleaning campaigns, but there are more people dirtying it. People are the problem." 13There have been efforts by both private volunteers and the government to clean up the river. For example, for the last seven years hundreds of volunteers have gathered in Kathmandu every Saturday to remove trash from the Bagmati. 14Mala Kharel is among that crowd most Saturdays. She is an executive member of the governmental High Powered Committee for Integrated Development of the Bagmati Civilization. It was set up to help clean up the river. She volunteers her time to raise awareness among the population about avoiding pollution. 15Kharel said the campaign has succeeded in collecting about 80 percent of the trash along the side of the river. The volunteers say they find trash, dead animals and even the bodies of babies. The cleanup effort is difficult and more needs to be done. 16In addition, many thousands of people have built homes and shelters illegally along the river and refuse to leave. 17As for the human waste, the committee is working on several projects including new canals and pipes alongside the river. Those are to connect to sewer lines to prevent waste from reaching the Bagmati. 18The group also is considering a waste treatment plant. And it has started building new dams where rainwater can be captured during the monsoon season and released into the river during the dry months. This could help move waste downstream from Kathmandu. 19Work on the pipe and canal system began around 2013, but no completion date has been announced. Building on two dams is continuing and reportedly close to completion. Another dam is getting started. But campaigners have high hopes. 20"In the next 10 years, I am hoping the river will be flowing clear and the banks will be clean and lined with trees," Kharel said. "We are working hard with this target." 21The hopefulness is not shared by everyone. Some environmentalists do not know if the dams will be of much help. 22"There is too much expectations from these dams. Bagmati is a natural river and not a canal that can be cleaned so easily," said Madhukar Upadhya, a scientist who studies the river closely. 23He said no sand is left. Today it is lined with clay and mixed with chemicals from industrial activity. 24"So much damage has already been done to it," Upadhya said, "that it can perhaps be cleaned to some degree but not restored to its past glory." 25I'm Caty Weaver. And I'm Dan Friedell. 26The Associated Press reported this story as part of a series on holy rivers. Caty Weaver adapted it for VOA Learning English. 27___________________________________________________________________ 28Words in This Story 29trash -n. things that are no longer useful or wanted and that have been thrown away 30shrine -n. a place connected with a holy person or event where people go to worship 31stink -v. to smell bad 32ritual -n. a formal ceremony or series of acts that is always performed in the same way 33cremation -n. the process of burning the body of someone who has died 34doubt -v. to not believe 35awareness -n. to have knowledge of something 36sewer -n. something that removes waste and water 37glory -n. praise, honor or fame 38____________________________________________________________________ 39We want to hear from you. We have a new comment system. Here is how it works: 40Each time you return to comment on the Learning English site, you can use your account and see your comments and replies to them. Our comment policy is here.